Evaluation of the Enzymatic Production and Prebiotic Activity of Galactomannan Oligosaccharides Derived from Gleditsia microphylla

Oligosaccharides have received considerable attention as prebiotics because they exhibit potential health benefits related to their ability modulate intestinal bacterial composition. This study evaluated the effects of galactomannan oligosaccharides (GMOS) derived from Gleditsia microphylla a prebiotic on human bacteria. The β-mannanase used for enzymatic hydrolysis GMOS was produced by Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30. found occur under optimal conditions at 50 °C, pH 5, 20 U/g-GM, and g/L, resulted in yield 70.78% ± 1.34%. purity after purification 81.50%. Upon performing vitro fecal fermentation using carbon source, it observed that effectively promoted proliferation bacteria, utilization efficiency bacteria be 98.40%. In addition, were stabilizing effect pH. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significantly affected diversity gut microbiota. Specifically, exhibited significant inhibitory Fusobacteria phyla genus level, demonstrated Fusobacterium. Moreover, results prediction metabolic function analysis showed had level two metabolism carbohydrates, cofactors, vitamins. Furthermore, during three metabolism, lipoic acid GMOS. These provide theoretical basis use regulating